What does the Privacy Act of 1974 establish regarding individual information?

The Privacy Act of 1974 establishes a code of fair information practices that governs the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of personally identifiable information by federal agencies. This legislation is designed to protect individuals' privacy by ensuring that personal data is handled responsibly and with respect for the individual's rights. Under the act, individuals have the right to access their records held by federal agencies and to request corrections to those records if they believe they contain inaccuracies.

The focus on fair information practices includes principles such as transparency, security, and accountability, which are central to the management of personal information in a way that protects individuals' privacy. This act emphasizes the need for agencies to provide clear notice about their information practices and to offer individuals reasonable opportunities to consent to the use of their data.